最新汽车行业质量管理体系标准IATF16949中针对问题解决和产品设计防错推荐了很多工具和方法,其中故障树分析(FTA)是非常适合企业应用的工具和方法,不管是分析解决系统性问题,还是为设计防错提供方向和思路,都值得大力推广。
还记得上个世纪末家喻户晓的杰克和露丝荡气回肠的凄美爱情吗?想知道一个世纪前轰动全球的泰坦尼克号沉没之谜吗?如果你学会故障树分析的方法就会揭开泰坦尼克号沉没的神秘面纱……下面,我们就用故障树分析(FTA)给大家做个展示。
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引言
故障树分析是是问题解决工程中最重要的分析方法,直观、明了,思路清晰,逻辑性强,可以做定性分析,也可以做定量分析,体现了以系统工程方法研究问题系统性、准确性和预测性,同样适用于质量问题的分析。
我们将通过工作和生活中生动的图片和详尽的案例讲解,对故障树分析(FTA)方法进行全面的、详细的介绍,轻松掌握这个重要的工具。
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故障树分析(FTA)的概述
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故障树的编制
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497922600197356874.png)
(1)故障树的符号
绘制故障树,最基础的事件符号一定要掌握!
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497922643018643423.png)
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事件符合通过逻辑符号联系起来,形成各事件之间的逻辑关系。下面生动、易懂的图片将助你理解枯燥的逻辑符号,让你秒懂各种逻辑符号代表不同的运算方法。
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497922803734839589.png)
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(2)故障树的编制
上述各种符号都了解了,下面就可以编制故障树了
故障树图编制时要注意充分了解事件,描述具体,四要四不要事项一定要记牢!
下面,我们通过具体案例来讲解故障树编制的过程和注意事项。
亲自动手画一个故障树图吧。
故障树的定性分析
故障树分析根据逻辑符号的逻辑关系进行计算,当然离不开布尔代数的运算。
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497923172233370239.png)
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通过布尔代数计算,故障树可以被化简,为什么要这么做呢?
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497923256484524355.png)
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通过布尔代数计算,故障树可以被化简,为什么要这么做呢?
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497923256484524355.png)
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497923265198122137.png)
通过布尔代数运算,去除多余事件,完成故障树的简化。
通过简化的故障树,可以找出最小割集和最小径集。
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497923300897904489.png)
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(1)结构重要度分析
从故障树结构上分析各基本事件的发生对顶事件发生的影响程度,并将影响程度的大小进行排序。
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497923364868040065.png)
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故障树的定量分析
对顶事件发生概率的计算。通过定量分析,我们可以找到问题解决的优先级,帮助我们抓住主要矛盾进行问题解决。
![](http://static.quality-in.com/upload/eduplat/article/20170620/1497923466948324391.png)
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以上是故障树分析(FTA)的分析问题原因的质量管理方法,更详细的讲解和案例解析,请关注QualityIn质量学院《故障树分析(FTA)》课程。